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Functional Medicine Jupiter

Notes on pulses, intervals and return

Reading list

Kisspeptin studies in this almanac

The clock experiment is the starting point. The receptor work, genetic findings and clinical reports make its surroundings more interesting.

Hormone timing and receptor behavior

The human clock-reset experiment makes an engaging starting point, followed by LH pulse frequency during kisspeptin-10 infusion and pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. They ask different timing questions.

The repeated-exposure report is the necessary companion for anyone impressed by an initial hormone rise. The KISS1R pharmacology review gives receptor desensitization and recycling a fuller explanation. For the biological connection upstream of LH, there are the GnRH-release experiments in animals and the mouse-neuron electrophysiology study.

Puberty and egg maturation

The genetic sequence comprises GPR54 loss of function, a prolonged-response GPR54 mutation and an inactivating KISS1 mutation. Each gives a distinct view of reproductive maturation.

For a clinical application with a defined task, there is the high-OHSS-risk egg-maturation trial. The systematic clinical-status review puts such trials in their investigational setting. A separate placebo-controlled anxiety and hormone study supplies the acute observations discussed on the about page.

  1. Kisspeptin resets the hypothalamic GnRH clock in men ↗
  2. Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54 ↗
  3. Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men ↗
  4. Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 ↗
  5. Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis ↗
  6. KISS1R: Hallmarks of an Effective Regulator of the Neuroendocrine Axis ↗
  7. The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty ↗
  8. A GPR54-activating mutation in a patient with central precocious puberty ↗
  9. Inactivating KISS1 mutation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism ↗
  10. Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy ↗
  11. Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review ↗
  12. Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans ↗
  13. Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels ↗