# Kisspeptin studies in this almanac

> Research shelf — Functional Medicine Jupiter — The Functional Medicine Jupiter reading list: original kisspeptin pulse, desensitization, genetics and IVF reports, with a clinical-status review.

**Reading list**

The clock experiment is the starting point. The receptor work, genetic findings and clinical reports make its surroundings more interesting.

## Hormone timing and receptor behavior

The [human clock-reset experiment](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21470997/) makes an engaging starting point, followed by [LH pulse frequency during kisspeptin-10 infusion](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/) and [pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/). They ask different timing questions.

The [repeated-exposure report](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/) is the necessary companion for anyone impressed by an initial hormone rise. The [KISS1R pharmacology review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25765628/) gives receptor desensitization and recycling a fuller explanation. For the biological connection upstream of LH, there are [the GnRH-release experiments in animals](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665093/) and [the mouse-neuron electrophysiology study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/).

## Puberty and egg maturation

The genetic sequence comprises [GPR54 loss of function](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/), [a prolonged-response GPR54 mutation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272894/) and [an inactivating KISS1 mutation](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335740/). Each gives a distinct view of reproductive maturation.

For a clinical application with a defined task, there is [the high-OHSS-risk egg-maturation trial](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/). The [systematic clinical-status review](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/) puts such trials in their investigational setting. A separate [placebo-controlled anxiety and hormone study](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/) supplies the acute observations discussed on the about page.

## References

[1] Kisspeptin resets the hypothalamic GnRH clock in men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21470997/
[2] Kisspeptin directly stimulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone release via G protein-coupled receptor 54 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665093/
[3] Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21632807/
[4] Increasing LH pulsatility in women with hypothalamic amenorrhoea using intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24517142/
[5] Subcutaneous injection of kisspeptin-54 acutely stimulates gonadotropin secretion in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, but chronic administration causes tachyphylaxis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19820030/
[6] KISS1R: Hallmarks of an Effective Regulator of the Neuroendocrine Axis https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25765628/
[7] The GPR54 gene as a regulator of puberty https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14573733/
[8] A GPR54-activating mutation in a patient with central precocious puberty https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18272894/
[9] Inactivating KISS1 mutation and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335740/
[10] Efficacy of kisspeptin-54 to trigger oocyte maturation in women at high risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26192876/
[11] Kisspeptin and its current clinical status - a systematic review https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38265397/
[12] Kisspeptin administration stimulates reproductive hormones but does not affect anxiety in humans https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036336/
[13] Kisspeptin excites gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons through a phospholipase C/calcium-dependent pathway regulating multiple ion channels https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18483150/

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Functional Medicine Jupiter is where I ponder the timing in published research, with no medical business behind the title and no medical advice to offer.